Kaolin judged safe, with a reservation for other inhalable clays
Expert assessmentCIR panel 20268 natural clays
The panel concludes that kaolin is safe under the conditions of use described. For the 7 other clays, data are missing to conclude on products that may be inhaled2.
Fine particles: size and inhalation
ReviewCIR report 2003
In animals, inhalation toxicity is easy to demonstrate; particle size, concentration and mineral composition matter most. Clays have low oral toxicity5.
Genotoxicity of kaolin particles in cell culture
LaboratoryHuman keratinocytes and fibroblastsParticles of 4.8 µm and 0.2 µm200 µg/mL
Micronuclei increase 3 to 4 times and DNA damage 8 to 20 times, more strongly with the finest particles. A laboratory result at high dose, not verified on skin under conditions of use, which the authors consider useful for safety assessments of kaolin as a white pigment6.
Clays: binding and releasing
Review2018 review
A natural clay can bind unwanted substances, but also release them, heavy metals included. Hence the value of checking each batch7.