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Resources

Kaolin clay (white clay)

Kaolin, or white clay, is made mostly of kaolinite, a hydrated aluminum silicate with platelets under 2 µm3. CosIng classifies it as an absorbent, bulking agent, opacifier and colorant1. The CIR panel judges it safe under the conditions of use2. Dedicated cosmetic trials remain rare: a kaolin-bentonite mask is the best data4.

White kaolin powder in macro view, very fine grains on a sage green ceramic surface, raking light

Kaolin at a glance

Entry from our cosmetic ingredient glossary. Regulatory data from the European Commission's CosIng database1, safety according to the CIR expert panel2. Copy the identifiers in one click for your files.

INCI name
KAOLIN
Other names
White clayKaolinum (European Pharmacopoeia), CI 77004 (colorant)1
CAS number
1332-58-7
EC number
310-194-1
Kaolinite formula
Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄Hydrated aluminum silicate of the kaolin group, with halloysite, dickite and nacrite3
Structure
1:1 clay, platelets under 2 µmOne hydrophobic siloxane face, one hydrophilic alumina face3
CosIng functions
Abrasive, absorbent, anticaking, bulking, colorant, opacifying"Abrasive, absorbent, anticaking, bulking, colorant, opacifying"1
Appearance
Very fine white powderDisperses in water into a paste; formulated in masks, scrubs, soaps or powders
EU status
Authorized, colorant in annex IVEntry 119 of annex IV of Regulation (EC) 1223/2009 for use as a colorant (CI 77004)1
Allergen to declare
No
Safety
Judged safe under the conditions of useCIR panel conclusion, 2026; earlier report in 200325

What the research says

Each result shows the protocol and the level of evidence. The higher the level, the better the result carries over to a finished formula.

Clinical trialReview or consensusLaboratory

Facial skinSkincare

A kaolin and bentonite mask: sebum, hydration, more even skin tone

Clinical trial
Mask with kaolin, bentonite, thermal water and panthenol2 applications per week, 4 weeks75 adults with oily or combination skinNo placebo group described

Sebum level, skin tone evenness, stratum corneum hydration and water loss all improved. Closed and open comedones fell by 46% and 66% at 4 weeks. Pore size did not change. The effect of kaolin itself is not isolated from the rest of the formula4.

Material and formulationFormulation

A mineral already widely used as an excipient

Review
2017 reviewPharmacy and biomedicine

Kaolinite is used as a pharmaceutical excipient: diluent, binder, emulsifying and suspending agent. Pharmaceutical grades are in high demand3.

Adsorbent, opacifier, texturizer

Review
CIR report 2003Clays and silicates

Clay silicates, kaolin included, work mostly as adsorbents, opacifiers and viscosity-increasing agents5.

Paste mask: texture shifts with temperature

Laboratory
Clay masks-5 to 45 °C, 15 days

Viscosity and homogeneity vary with temperature; color, odor and pH remain stable8.

Safety and particlesToxicology

Kaolin judged safe, with a reservation for other inhalable clays

Expert assessment
CIR panel 20268 natural clays

The panel concludes that kaolin is safe under the conditions of use described. For the 7 other clays, data are missing to conclude on products that may be inhaled2.

Fine particles: size and inhalation

Review
CIR report 2003

In animals, inhalation toxicity is easy to demonstrate; particle size, concentration and mineral composition matter most. Clays have low oral toxicity5.

Genotoxicity of kaolin particles in cell culture

Laboratory
Human keratinocytes and fibroblastsParticles of 4.8 µm and 0.2 µm200 µg/mL

Micronuclei increase 3 to 4 times and DNA damage 8 to 20 times, more strongly with the finest particles. A laboratory result at high dose, not verified on skin under conditions of use, which the authors consider useful for safety assessments of kaolin as a white pigment6.

Clays: binding and releasing

Review
2018 review

A natural clay can bind unwanted substances, but also release them, heavy metals included. Hence the value of checking each batch7.

This page summarizes published literature on a cosmetic ingredient. It does not describe the effect of a finished product, which depends on its formula, and it is not medical advice. Clinical trials on kaolin alone are rare: the best data is on a mask combining kaolin and bentonite, run by a cosmetics manufacturer; this is indicated in the sources.

Which products use kaolin?

Our white label catalog includes 7 formulas with kaolin: the key active in 4 of them, a supporting ingredient in the others. Every category can be customized (formula, fragrance, packaging).

5Face

White clay mask, clay and honey scrub, and support in several masks (rhassoul, vitamin C radiance, nila).

In our formulas, it is most often paired with

Argan oil 8Orange blossom honey 6Shea butter 4Vitamin E 4Coconut oil 2

Kaolin, green, red clay or rhassoul?

Four clays from the catalog, with different minerals. Cosmetic studies rarely compare them: the table describes the material, not an efficacy ranking.

Kaolin (white clay)Green clayRed clayRhassoul
Dominant mineralKaolinite, 1:1 clay with platelets under 2 µm3Illite, a layered clay9Illite, between montmorillonite and muscovite9Stevensite, a magnesium clay, with calcite, dolomite and quartz11
INCIKAOLIN1ILLITEILLITEMOROCCAN LAVA CLAY
EU regulationAnnex IV for use as a colorant (CI 77004)1No specific restriction9No specific restriction9Rhassoul entry in the glossary
Carmel catalog formulas7 formulas1 formulaOn request6 formulas

Frequently asked questions about kaolin

What is kaolin?
It is a natural white clay, made mostly of kaolinite, a hydrated aluminum silicate3. In cosmetics, CosIng recognizes absorbent, abrasive, bulking agent, opacifying and colorant functions1. Its INCI name is KAOLIN, its CAS number 1332-58-7.
Are kaolin and white clay the same thing?
Yes in cosmetic language: "white clay" is the common name of kaolin. On a label, the regulatory mention is KAOLIN1.
What are the benefits of kaolin clay for skin?
Kaolin absorbs excess sebum and gives a soft paste in a mask. In a 4-week trial on 75 adults, a kaolin and bentonite mask improved sebum level, hydration and skin tone evenness, with no placebo group described and without isolating the effect of kaolin4. We did not retain a trial on kaolin alone.
Is white clay suitable for the face and sensitive skin?
The mask tested in the cited trial reduced the dryness and irritation measured over the 4 weeks, but the formula also contained thermal water and panthenol4. The tolerance of a formula is checked with tests on the finished product.
Is white clay useful for hair?
We found no controlled trial on kaolin and hair. Its use in hair masks is a formulation use, for its absorbent function.
Is kaolin safe?
The CIR panel judges kaolin safe under current conditions of use2. Fine powders raise the question of inhalation5; a laboratory study also showed genotoxicity at 200 µg/mL on skin cells, a result not confirmed under conditions of use6. Ask for the certificate of analysis of each batch (heavy metals, microbiology).
Can you manufacture a kaolin mask or soap for my brand?
Our ISO 22716 certified laboratory offers 7 kaolin formulas (powder, face and body masks, black soap, scrub) to customize, or a custom formula. Free samples are included.

Sources

Peer-reviewed studies and official regulatory sources, checked on November 3, 2026.

  1. European Commission. CosIng, entry KAOLIN (CAS 1332-58-7, EC 310-194-1). ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing
  2. Burnett CL, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, et al. Amended safety assessment of naturally-sourced clays as used in cosmetics Int J Toxicol. 2026;45(3_suppl):65S-107S. doi:10.1177/10915818261455355
  3. Awad ME, López-Galindo A, Setti M, et al. Kaolinite in pharmaceutics and biomedicine Int J Pharm. 2017;533(1):34-48. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.09.056
  4. Zhang X, Zhang Z, Tao H, et al. Comprehensive assessment of the efficacy and safety of a clay mask in oily and acne skin Skin Res Technol. 2023;29(11):e13513. doi:10.1111/srt.13513L'Oréal
  5. Elmore AR; Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report on the safety assessment of aluminum silicate, calcium silicate, magnesium aluminum silicate, magnesium silicate, magnesium trisilicate, sodium magnesium silicate, zirconium silicate, attapulgite, bentonite, Fuller's earth, hectorite, kaolin, lithium magnesium silicate, lithium magnesium sodium silicate, montmorillonite, pyrophyllite, and zeolite Int J Toxicol. 2003;22 Suppl 1:37-102. PMID 12851164
  6. Kawanishi M, Yoneda R, Totsuka Y, Yagi T. Genotoxicity of micro- and nano-particles of kaolin in human primary dermal keratinocytes and fibroblasts Genes Environ. 2020;42:16. doi:10.1186/s41021-020-00155-1
  7. Gomes CSF. Healing and edible clays: a review of basic concepts, benefits and risks Environ Geochem Health. 2018;40(5):1739-1765. doi:10.1007/s10653-016-9903-4
  8. Zague V, de Almeida Silva D, Baby AR, et al. Clay facial masks: physicochemical stability at different storage temperatures J Cosmet Sci. 2007;58(1):45-51. PMID 17342267
  9. European Commission. CosIng, entry ILLITE (CAS 12173-60-3). ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing
  10. European Commission. CosIng, entry MONTMORILLONITE (CAS 1318-93-0, EC 215-288-5). ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing
  11. Moussout H, Ahlafi H, Aazza M, et al. Interfacial electrochemical properties of natural Moroccan Ghassoul (stevensite) clay in aqueous suspension Heliyon. 2020;6(3):e03634. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03634
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