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Resources

Bentonite clay (colloidal clay)

Bentonite is a colloidal clay made mainly of montmorillonite; CosIng classifies it as absorbent, bulking, emulsion stabilizing and viscosity controlling1. Cosmetic trials on bentonite alone are missing: the best data point is a kaolin and bentonite mask5. The watch point is inhalable dust and batch purity24.

Gray bentonite clay powder in macro view on a sage green ceramic surface, raking light

Bentonite clay at a glance

Entry from our cosmetic ingredient glossary. Regulatory data from the European Commission's CosIng database1, safety according to the CIR expert panel23. Modified bentonites (quaternium, stearalkonium) carry other INCIs and are not covered here.

INCI name
BENTONITEOrgano-modified versions have their own INCI, for example QUATERNIUM-18 BENTONITE1
Other names
Bentonite clayBentonitum (European Pharmacopoeia)1
CAS number
1302-78-9
EC number
215-108-5
Mineral nature
Colloidal clay, mostly montmorilloniteCosIng description: colloidal clay, primarily montmorillonite1
CosIng functions
Absorbent, bulking, emulsion stabilizing, viscosity controlling"Absorbent, bulking, emulsion stabilising, viscosity controlling"1
Appearance
Fine gray to cream powderSwells in water and forms a thick gel; formulated in masks, tooth powder or as a texturizer
EU status
Permitted, no dedicated annexNo annex listed in CosIng1
Allergen to declare
No
Safety
Safe under conditions of use, reservation on inhalationCIR panel 2026: insufficient data for products that may be inhaled; the keyword bentonite appears in the publication2. Earlier report in 20033

What the research says

Each result shows the protocol and the level of evidence. The higher the level, the better the result carries over to a finished formula.

Clinical trialReview or consensusLaboratory

Facial skinSkincare

A kaolin and bentonite mask: sebum, hydration, even skin tone

Clinical trial
Kaolin and bentonite clay mask2 applications per week, 4 weeks75 adults with oily or combination skin

Sebum level, skin tone evenness, stratum corneum hydration and water loss improved; pore area and porphyrins did not change. Dryness and irritation decreased. The specific effect of bentonite is not isolated5.

A modified bentonite emulsion against pollution particles

Laboratory
Reconstructed human epidermisUrban aerosols and cedar pollenLecithin-modified bentonite

The water-in-oil emulsion with bentonite modified by a natural surfactant better preserved epidermis integrity and reduced MMP1 and IL-8 secretion more than the synthetic surfactant version. A laboratory result, for a modified bentonite6.

Material and batch qualityFormulation

A purified bentonite can meet pharmacopoeia limits

Laboratory
Algerian bentonite, Na+ ion exchange and sedimentation

After purification, lead and arsenic stayed under pharmacopoeia limits and the germs tested for were absent (E. coli, Salmonella, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa). The authors judge it suitable for creams, powders and emulsions7.

Another bentonite, same conclusion after purification

Laboratory
Raw and purified Egyptian bentonite

The purified bentonite matches a reference montmorillonite (Wyoming type), with no detectable mineral impurities, a composition within pharmacopoeia limits and none of the pathogenic germs tested for8.

Clays: binding and releasing

Review
2018 review

Clay particles can bind unwanted substances, but can also make toxic elements such as heavy metals available through skin or oral routes. Hence batch-by-batch control9.

Bentonite in a third of charcoal toothpastes

Review
2017 review50 charcoal toothpastes sold online

A third contained bentonite. The review finds insufficient data on the safety and efficacy of these toothpastes10.

Safety and inhalationToxicology

Inhalable dust and crystalline silica

Review
2016 reviewBentonite toxicology and epidemiology

The exposure route of concern is inhalation of respirable dust in workers. Bentonite is not classified as carcinogenic, but some contain variable amounts of respirable crystalline silica, a recognized carcinogen4.

Natural clays: reservation on inhalable products

Expert assessment
CIR panel 20268 natural clays

The panel judges kaolin safe, and the 7 other clays safe under conditions of use, except for products that may be inhaled, for lack of sufficient data. Loose powders are concerned2.

This page summarizes published literature on a cosmetic ingredient. It does not describe the effect of a finished product, which depends on its formula, and it is not medical advice. Clinical trials on bentonite alone are rare: the best data point is a mask combining kaolin and bentonite, run by a cosmetics manufacturer; this is stated in the sources.

Which products can use bentonite clay?

Our white label catalog includes 1 formula with bentonite clay, always as a supporting ingredient. Every category can be customized (formula, fragrance, packaging).

1Raw materials and more

In our formulas, it is most often paired with

Peppermint essential oil 1

Bentonite, kaolin or green clay?

Three clays in the catalog. The kaolin and green clay entries already exist; the table describes the material, not an efficacy ranking.

BentoniteKaolin (white clay)Green clay
Dominant mineralMontmorillonite, colloidal clay1Kaolinite, 1:1 clay11Illite, a layered clay12
INCIBENTONITE1KAOLIN11ILLITE12
CosIng functionsAbsorbent, bulking, emulsion stabilizing, viscosity controlling1Abrasive, absorbent, anti-caking, bulking, colorant, opacifying11Absorbent, abrasive, bulking, anticaking12
Carmel catalog formulas1 formula as a supporting ingredient10 formulas3 formulas

Frequently asked questions about bentonite clay

What is bentonite clay?
It is a colloidal clay made mainly of montmorillonite. Its INCI is BENTONITE, its CAS number 1302-78-9; CosIng recognizes absorbent, bulking, emulsion stabilizing and viscosity controlling functions1.
Are bentonite and green clay the same thing?
No. The green clay we formulate is an illite12, while bentonite is a colloidal clay made mostly of montmorillonite113. "Green clay" remains a trade name: other suppliers use it for montmorillonites. See also the green clay entry and the kaolin entry.
What are the benefits for skin?
A kaolin and bentonite mask improved sebum, hydration and skin tone evenness in 75 adults over 4 weeks, without isolating the effect of bentonite5. The mask trial was run by a cosmetics manufacturer. We did not retain a trial on bentonite alone.
Is bentonite suitable for hair?
We found no peer-reviewed study on bentonite and hair. Its use in a hair mask is a matter of formulation, for its absorbent and viscosity controlling functions1.
Are there risks with bentonite?
The sensitive point is dust: bentonite is not classified as carcinogenic, but some contain respirable crystalline silica4, and the CIR panel lacks data for products that may be inhaled2. Handle loose powder with protection. Ask for the certificate of analysis of each batch (crystalline silica, heavy metals, microbiology)9.
Can bentonite be purified?
Yes: two laboratory studies on Algerian and Egyptian bentonites show that purification gives a montmorillonite within pharmacopoeia limits, with lead and arsenic under the limits for one of them78. These results apply to those deposits: every batch is controlled.
Can you manufacture a bentonite mask or powder for my brand?
Our catalog does not feature bentonite yet: it appears as a supporting ingredient in our tooth powder. Our ISO 22716 certified laboratory can add it to a catalog formula or to a custom formula. Free samples are included.

Sources

Peer-reviewed studies and official regulatory sources, checked on November 3, 2026.

  1. European Commission. CosIng, entry BENTONITE (CAS 1302-78-9, EC 215-108-5). ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing
  2. Burnett CL, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, et al. Amended safety assessment of naturally-sourced clays as used in cosmetics Int J Toxicol. 2026;45(3_suppl):65S-107S. doi:10.1177/10915818261455355
  3. Elmore AR; Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report on the safety assessment of aluminum silicate, calcium silicate, magnesium aluminum silicate, magnesium silicate, magnesium trisilicate, sodium magnesium silicate, zirconium silicate, attapulgite, bentonite, Fuller's earth, hectorite, kaolin, lithium magnesium silicate, lithium magnesium sodium silicate, montmorillonite, pyrophyllite, and zeolite Int J Toxicol. 2003;22 Suppl 1:37-102. PMID 12851164
  4. Maxim LD, Niebo R, McConnell EE. Bentonite toxicology and epidemiology - a review Inhal Toxicol. 2016;28(13):591-617. doi:10.1080/08958378.2016.1240727
  5. Zhang X, Zhang Z, Tao H, et al. Comprehensive assessment of the efficacy and safety of a clay mask in oily and acne skin Skin Res Technol. 2023;29(11):e13513. doi:10.1111/srt.13513L'Oréal
  6. Iwanaga T, Nioh A, Reed N, Kiyokawa H, Akatsuka H. A novel water-in-oil emulsion with a lecithin-modified bentonite prevents skin damage from urban dust and cedar pollen Int J Cosmet Sci. 2020;42(3):229-236. doi:10.1111/ics.12605Pola Chemical Industries, Jurlique
  7. Babahoum N, Ould Hamou M. Characterization and purification of Algerian natural bentonite for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications BMC Chem. 2021;15(1):50. doi:10.1186/s13065-021-00776-9
  8. Dardir FM, Mohamed AS, Abukhadra MR, et al. Cosmetic and pharmaceutical qualifications of Egyptian bentonite and its suitability as drug carrier for Praziquantel drug Eur J Pharm Sci. 2018;115:320-329. doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2018.01.041
  9. Gomes CSF. Healing and edible clays: a review of basic concepts, benefits and risks Environ Geochem Health. 2018;40(5):1739-1765. doi:10.1007/s10653-016-9903-4
  10. Brooks JK, Bashirelahi N, Reynolds MA. Charcoal and charcoal-based dentifrices: a literature review J Am Dent Assoc. 2017;148(9):661-670. doi:10.1016/j.adaj.2017.05.001
  11. European Commission. CosIng, entry KAOLIN (CAS 1332-58-7, EC 310-194-1). ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing
  12. European Commission. CosIng, entry ILLITE (CAS 12173-60-3). ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing
  13. European Commission. CosIng, entry MONTMORILLONITE (CAS 1318-93-0, EC 215-288-5). ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing
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