Terpinen-4-ol and sabinene hydrates in the oil
LaboratoryShoots grown in TunisiaHydroponics and greenhouse, with or without NaCl
In the greenhouse without salt, the major constituents are terpinen-4-ol and trans-sabinene hydrate; in the growth chamber, cis-sabinene hydrate and terpinen-4-ol. Salt raises the oil yield by 50% in the greenhouse and brings out new compounds, including eugenol6.
Ursolic and carnosic acids, carnosol in the herb
LaboratoryHerb from Hungary and EgyptExtracts with ethanol, hexane and supercritical CO2HPLC, DPPH test, Rancimat test
The Egyptian herb and its extracts have better antioxidant activity than the Hungarian herb. With supercritical CO2, carnosol content is highest at 400 bar and 60 °C7.
A plant studied mostly for its traditional uses
Review2017 and 2021 reviews
The 2017 review brings together ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and biological activities4. The 2021 one concludes that the published toxicological evaluations point to the safety of the species; it does not cover a cosmetic formula5.