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Star anise (Illicium verum)

Star anise powder is the dried, ground fruit of Illicium verum, which CosIng classifies as an exfoliant1. Its oil contains about 89.5% trans-anethole5, a fragrance allergen to declare2. The fruit can be confused with that of Japanese star anise, which is neurotoxic67. No cosmetic trial on the powder was retained.

Star anise in macro view, raw material on a sage green ceramic surface, raking light

Star anise at a glance

Entry from our cosmetic ingredient glossary. Data from the European Commission's CosIng database1, consolidated Regulation (EC) No 1223/20092 and Regulation (EU) 2023/15453. Copy the identifiers in one click for your files.

INCI name
ILLICIUM VERUM FRUIT POWDERUS INCI name: Illicium Verum (Anise) Fruit Powder1
Other names
Chinese star anise, star anise powderStar anise, Chinese star anise. Not to be confused with green anise (Pimpinella anisum)
CAS number
84650-59-9
EC number
283-518-1
Botanical origin
Star anise (Illicium verum Hook. f.)CosIng: powder obtained from the dried, ground fruit1. Evergreen tree, grown mostly in China and Vietnam46
Composition
Powder: not documented. Fruit oil: trans-anetholeFruit essential oil, 22 compounds: trans-anethole 89.5%, 2-(1-cyclopentenyl)-furan 0.9%, cis-anethole 0.7%5. The 2022 review also cites monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, phenylpropanoids and flavonoids4
CosIng functions
Exfoliating"Exfoliating"1
EU status
No dedicated line for the powderCosIng mentions no annex or restriction for this powder1. The constituent trans-anethole is named in Annex III23
Allergen to declare
Anethole (trans-anethole)Line 329 of Annex III names trans-anethole (CAS 104-46-1 / 4180-23-8): mention mandatory above 0.001% in a leave-on product and 0.01% in a rinse-off product. Non-compliant products may be placed on the market until 31 July 2026 and made available until 31 July 202823. For the powder, batch analysis tells whether the threshold is reached
Safety
No CIR or SCCS assessment retainedQuality point: the botanical identity of the batch must be checked (see "Quality and safety" below)

What the research says

Each result shows the protocol and the level of evidence. The higher the level, the better the result carries over to a finished formula.

Clinical trialReview or consensusLaboratory

CompositionChemistry

An oil that is nearly 90% trans-anethole

Laboratory
Fruit essential oil, hydrodistillationGC and GC-MS22 compounds identified

Trans-anethole makes up 89.5% of the oil, ahead of 2-(1-cyclopentenyl)-furan (0.9%) and cis-anethole (0.7%). The authors credit it with most of the antifungal activity observed on plant fungi, a result unrelated to cosmetics5.

A described cosmetic interest, mostly in the laboratory

Review
2022 reviewFruit extracts and essential oil

The review reports antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities for the extracts and the oil, and stresses the current consensus on the safety of trans-anethole, the main compound of the oil used in cosmetics. It presents no clinical trial on the powder4.

A fruit rich in varied compounds

Review
2011 reviewBotany, chemistry, pharmacology

The compounds identified include volatiles, seco-prezizaane sesquiterpenes, phenylpropanoids, lignans and flavonoids. Crude extracts show antimicrobial and antioxidant activities in vitro6.

Quality and safetyQuality

A risk of confusion with Japanese star anise

Review
2011 review

The fruit of Illicium verum is sometimes contaminated with that of Japanese star anise (I. anisatum) or other toxic Illicium species, which contain neurotoxic sesquiterpenes6.

Anisatin, a marker of toxic fruits

Laboratory
Whole fruits and infusionsDART and high-resolution mass spectrometry

The signal of anisatin, the neurotoxin of Japanese star anise, is more than 1,000 times higher than in Chinese star anise. Adulteration down to 1% (by mass) is still measurable. None of the 8 commercial infusions analyzed contained a significant amount7.

A simpler method to tell the two species apart

Laboratory
One carpel, mass spectrometryComparison with the DART method

The anisatin signal is about 250 times higher in Japanese star anise than in Chinese star anise, with the same yes/no result as the DART method in a few seconds8.

Contact allergy to the anethole of a toothpaste

Case report
63-year-old womanPatch test to anethole

Lip irritation persisting for 6 years disappears when the flavored toothpaste is stopped; the patch test is positive to anethole, the toothpaste flavor9.

This page summarizes published literature on a cosmetic ingredient. It does not describe the effect of a finished product, which depends on its formula, and it is not medical advice. Evidence is flagged by level: clinical trial, review or laboratory.

Which products can use star anise?

No formula in our white label catalog features star anise yet. Our formulation lab can add it to a custom formula or to a catalog formula. Its common uses:

Face

Scrubs with plant powders, to be dosed carefully on sensitive skin.

Body

Dry scrubs and soaps with plant powders, where CosIng recognizes an exfoliating function for this powder.

Frequently asked questions about star anise

What is star anise in cosmetics?
It is the fruit of Illicium verum, dried and ground into powder1, or distilled into essential oil. Its INCI name is ILLICIUM VERUM FRUIT POWDER; CosIng recognizes an exfoliating function for it.
What are the benefits of star anise for the skin?
CosIng classifies the powder as exfoliating1. Reviews describe antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities of the extracts and the oil, mostly in the laboratory46. No cosmetic clinical trial on the powder was retained. A brand should stay cautious with its claims.
Is the anethole in star anise an allergen to declare?
Yes: trans-anethole is named at line 329 of Annex III. It must appear in the ingredient list above 0.001% in leave-on products or 0.01% in rinse-off products23. The fruit oil contains about 89.5%5; for the powder, the calculation is done on the finished product, from the batch analysis.
What is the difference between star anise and green anise?
They are two distinct plants, star anise being the fruit of Illicium verum1. The regulation names the substance trans-anethole, not the plant3: the labeling obligation therefore depends on the content of the finished product, whatever the origin. The INCI name of the powder is specific to star anise.
Does star anise carry quality risks?
Yes, a risk of confusion with Japanese star anise (Illicium anisatum), whose fruits contain anisatin, a neurotoxin67. Control methods exist78. Good practice: require the botanical identity and the certificate of analysis of each batch.
Can star anise cause an allergy?
Contact allergies to anethole are described, for example with a flavored toothpaste9. Tolerance is checked on the finished formula, and a healthcare professional's advice comes first for reactive skin.
Can you make a star anise product for my brand?
Yes. Our ISO 22716 certified lab can add star anise to one of its catalog formulas to customize, or to a custom formula. Free samples are offered.

Sources

Peer-reviewed studies and official regulatory sources, checked on November 3, 2026.

  1. European Commission. CosIng, entry ILLICIUM VERUM FRUIT POWDER (CAS 84650-59-9, EC 283-518-1). ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing
  2. European Parliament and Council. Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 on cosmetic products, consolidated version of 1 May 2025: Annex III, line 329 (trans-anethole). eur-lex.europa.eu
  3. Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/1545 of 26 July 2023 amending Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards labelling of fragrance allergens in cosmetic products (Annex III). Line 329: trans-anethole. eur-lex.europa.eu
  4. Sharafan M, Jafernik K, Ekiert H, et al. Illicium verum (Star Anise) and Trans-Anethole as Valuable Raw Materials for Medicinal and Cosmetic Applications. Molecules. 2022;27(3):650. PMID 35163914
  5. Huang Y, Zhao J, Zhou L, et al. Antifungal activity of the essential oil of Illicium verum fruit and its main component trans-anethole. Molecules. 2010;15(11):7558-7569. PMID 21030909
  6. Wang GW, Hu WT, Huang BK, Qin LP. Illicium verum: a review on its botany, traditional use, chemistry and pharmacology. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011;136(1):10-20. PMID 21549817
  7. Shen Y, van Beek TA, Claassen FW, et al. Rapid control of Chinese star anise fruits and teas for neurotoxic anisatin by Direct Analysis in Real Time high resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 2012;1259:179-186. PMID 22484123
  8. Schrage M, Shen Y, Claassen FW, et al. Rapid and simple neurotoxin-based distinction of Chinese and Japanese star anise by direct plant spray mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 2013;1317:246-253. PMID 23932223
  9. Poon TS, Freeman S. Cheilitis caused by contact allergy to anethole in spearmint flavoured toothpaste. Australas J Dermatol. 2006;47(4):300-301. PMID 17034478
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