Smoother, firmer skin after 3 months
Clinical trial5% and 12%3 monthsTwice a day
At 12%, firmness and the thickness of the epidermis and dermis increase, and smoothness and the look of wrinkles improve. At 5%, surface and epidermis changes are comparable, with no measured effect on the dermis4.
Lactic or glycolic: which is better tolerated?
Clinical trial0.5 to 1.15 M6 weeksComparison of six AHAsPrivate consulting firm
At equal concentration, the L and D forms of lactic acid and glycolic acid are the most effective on hydration and wrinkles. L-lactic acid draws the fewest complaints. Above 1.5 M, stinging is stronger with glycolic acid and the D form than with the L form5.
More ceramides in the stratum corneum
LaboratoryCultured keratinocytesLotions applied to skinManufacturer study
In the lab, ceramide production by keratinocytes increases by 300% with L-lactic acid, against 100% with the D form. On skin, stratum corneum ceramides increase by 48% with L-lactic acid and by 25% with the D,L mix; the D form has no effect. The barrier improves with the L and D,L forms6.