UV splits the molecule in two
LaboratoryAqueous solutionUV irradiation, aerobic
Folic acid splits into p-aminobenzoyl-L-glutamic acid and 6-formylpterin, then into pterin-6-carboxylic acid. These products speed up the degradation of the remaining molecule6.
Much slower photolysis at high pH
LaboratoryAqueous solutionpH 2.0 to 10.0
The rate constant falls from 5.04 × 10⁻³ min⁻¹ at pH 2.5 to 0.155 × 10⁻³ min⁻¹ at pH 10.0. The pH of the formula matters for stability7.
Degradation products produce free radicals in culture
LaboratoryKeratinocytes and skin cellsUVA
Folic acid and its photoproducts increase free radicals and cell death under UVA. The authors state that further studies are needed to know whether folic acid creams have an effect in humans8.
Five degradation factors to control
Review2016 review
The review retains five degradation parameters: light, temperature, concentration, oxygen and pH. Packaging and the manufacturing process take them into account9.
A UV-sensitive folate at the heart of a pigmentation hypothesis
Review2010 colloquium
The authors propose that protecting folate, which is broken down by UV and by free radicals from UVA, weighed on the evolution of dark pigmentation. This concerns the body's folate, not a product applied to skin10.