{"id":57000,"date":"2026-11-02T21:56:20","date_gmt":"2026-11-02T21:56:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/carmelcosmeticslabs.com\/?page_id=57000"},"modified":"2026-11-09T07:27:25","modified_gmt":"2026-11-09T07:27:25","slug":"retinol","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/carmelcosmeticslabs.com\/es\/glosario-ingredientes-cosmeticos\/retinol\/","title":{"rendered":"Retinol"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"57000\" class=\"elementor elementor-57000 elementor-54120 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-285c06a e-flex e-con-full e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"285c06a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"ing-retinol\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7af7c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7af7c5\" 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svg{width:20px;height:20px;flex:none;color:var(--deep-muted)}\n@media (max-width:900px){.ig .c-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:32px}}\n@media (max-width:560px){.ig form.lead{grid-template-columns:1fr;padding:20px}}\n@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.ig *,.ig *::details-content,.ig .pop,.ig .scrim,.ig .fab{transition:none!important}}\n.ig .hero h1.h1-long{font-size:clamp(38px,4.6vw,60px);line-height:1.02}\n.ig .pins-list{display:none;list-style:none;margin:0 0 20px;padding:0;order:-1}\n.ig .pins-list li{display:flex;gap:12px;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:10px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.4;color:var(--ink-2)}\n.ig .pins-list strong{font:600 22px\/1 var(--f-display);color:var(--teal-strong);min-width:72px}\n.ig .scale.dense{display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding-top:0}\n.ig .scale.dense .pins-list{display:block}\n.ig .scale.dense .track .pin{display:none}\n@media (max-width:560px){.ig .scale{display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding-top:0}.ig .pins-list{display:block}.ig .track .pin{display:none}}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"ig\" data-ing=\"retinol\" lang=\"es\" data-copy=\"Copiar\" data-copied=\"Copiado\">\n<nav class=\"crumbs wrap\" aria-label=\"Ruta de navegaci\u00f3n\"><ol>\n  <li><a href=\"https:\/\/carmelcosmeticslabs.com\/es\/\">Inicio<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/carmelcosmeticslabs.com\/es\/glosario-ingredientes-cosmeticos\/\">Glosario de ingredientes<\/a><\/li><li aria-current=\"page\">Retinol<\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<header class=\"wrap hero\" id=\"top\">\n  <div class=\"hero-copy\">\n    <h1>Retinol (vitamina A)<\/h1>\n    <p class=\"brief\">El retinol es una forma de vitamina A estudiada en cosm\u00e9tica para las l\u00edneas de expresi\u00f3n y la textura de la piel<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-3\">3<\/a><a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-4\">4<\/a>. Desde el Reglamento (UE) 2024\/996, est\u00e1 limitado al 0,3 % de equivalente de retinol en la mayor\u00eda de los productos y al 0,05 % en las lociones corporales, con una advertencia obligatoria en el etiquetado<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-2\">2<\/a>. Se degrada principalmente por la luz<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-8\">8<\/a>.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"byline\"><span class=\"avatar\" aria-hidden=\"true\">ME<\/span>\n      <span><strong>Mohamed El Hjouji<\/strong>Fundador y director ejecutivo \u00b7 Actualizado <time datetime=\"2026-11-02\">2 de noviembre de 2026<\/time> \u00b7 Tiempo de lectura 10 min<\/span><\/div>\n    <div class=\"actions\">\n      <a class=\"btn\" href=\"#consultation\">Crear un producto con retinol <span class=\"knob\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.8\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M5 12h14M13 6l6 6-6 6\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a>\n      <a class=\"btn-ghost\" href=\"#recherche\">Consultar los estudios<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <figure class=\"hero-photo\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" src=\"https:\/\/carmelcosmeticslabs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/retinol-ingredient-cosmetique-carmel.webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/carmelcosmeticslabs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/retinol-ingredient-cosmetique-carmel-300x224.webp 300w, https:\/\/carmelcosmeticslabs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/retinol-ingredient-cosmetique-carmel-441x329.webp 441w, https:\/\/carmelcosmeticslabs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/retinol-ingredient-cosmetique-carmel-768x574.webp 768w, https:\/\/carmelcosmeticslabs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/retinol-ingredient-cosmetique-carmel-990x740.webp 990w, https:\/\/carmelcosmeticslabs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/retinol-ingredient-cosmetique-carmel-1024x765.webp 1024w, https:\/\/carmelcosmeticslabs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/retinol-ingredient-cosmetique-carmel.webp 1400w, https:\/\/carmelcosmeticslabs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/retinol-ingredient-cosmetique-carmel.webp 1400w\" sizes=\"(max-width:900px) 92vw, 46vw\" width=\"1400\" height=\"1046\" alt=\"Materia prima de retinol en vista macro sobre una superficie cer\u00e1mica verde salvia\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"| Carmel Cosmetics Labs\"><\/figure>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"bar\" id=\"bar\"><div class=\"wrap bar-in\">\n  <nav aria-label=\"En esta p\u00e1gina\"><ul><li><a href=\"#identite\">Identidad<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#recherche\">Investigaci\u00f3n<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#concentrations\">Concentraciones<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#produits\">Productos<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#comparatif\">Comparaci\u00f3n<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#faq\">Preguntas<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#plus\">Lecturas<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#sources\">Fuentes<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav>\n  <a class=\"btn sm\" href=\"#consultation\" tabindex=\"-1\">Crear mi producto <span class=\"knob\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.8\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M5 12h14M13 6l6 6-6 6\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <span class=\"bar-prog\" id=\"prog\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/div>\n<section class=\"sec\" id=\"identite\" aria-labelledby=\"h-id\"><div class=\"wrap id-grid\">\n  <div><h2 class=\"h2\" id=\"h-id\">Retinol de un vistazo<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"lede\">Entrada de nuestro <a class=\"txt-link\" href=\"https:\/\/carmelcosmeticslabs.com\/es\/glosario-ingredientes-cosmeticos\/\">glosario de ingredientes cosm\u00e9ticos<\/a>. Datos normativos de la base CosIng de la Comisi\u00f3n Europea<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-1\">1<\/a> y del Reglamento (UE) 2024\/996<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-2\">2<\/a>. Copie los identificadores con un clic para sus expedientes.<\/p><\/div>\n  <dl class=\"spec\"><div><dt>Nombre INCI<\/dt><dd><span class=\"\">RETINOL<\/span><button class=\"copy\" type=\"button\" data-copy=\"RETINOL\" aria-label=\"Copiar: Nombre INCI\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.75\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"9\" y=\"9\" width=\"11\" height=\"11\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M5 15V5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h8\"\/><\/svg>Copiar<\/button><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Otros nombres<\/dt><dd>Vitamina A<small>Los \u00e9steres RETINYL ACETATE y RETINYL PALMITATE corresponden a la misma entrada normativa<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-2\">2<\/a><\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>N\u00famero CAS<\/dt><dd><span class=\"num\">68-26-8<\/span><button class=\"copy\" type=\"button\" data-copy=\"68-26-8\" aria-label=\"Copiar: N\u00famero CAS\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.75\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"9\" y=\"9\" width=\"11\" height=\"11\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M5 15V5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h8\"\/><\/svg>Copiar<\/button><small>CosIng tambi\u00e9n recoge 11103-57-4<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-1\">1<\/a><\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>N\u00famero CE<\/dt><dd><span class=\"num\">200-683-7<\/span><button class=\"copy\" type=\"button\" data-copy=\"200-683-7\" aria-label=\"Copiar: N\u00famero CE\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.75\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"9\" y=\"9\" width=\"11\" height=\"11\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M5 15V5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h8\"\/><\/svg>Copiar<\/button><small>CosIng tambi\u00e9n recoge 234-328-2<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-1\">1<\/a><\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Funci\u00f3n CosIng<\/dt><dd>Acondicionador de la piel<small>\u00abAcondicionador de la piel: otras funciones\u00bb en la nomenclatura europea<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-1\">1<\/a><\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Aspecto<\/dt><dd>Activo liposoluble, sensible a la luz<small>Se formula en la fase oleosa; se estudia la encapsulaci\u00f3n para mejorar su estabilidad<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-6\">6<\/a><a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-8\">8<\/a><\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Situaci\u00f3n en la UE<\/dt><dd>Restringido: anexo III, entrada 376<small>0,3 % de equivalente de retinol (ER) en productos con y sin aclarado, 0,05 % ER en lociones corporales<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-2\">2<\/a><\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Etiquetado obligatorio<\/dt><dd>\u00abContiene vitamina A. Tenga en cuenta su ingesta diaria antes de utilizarlo\u00bb<small>Para cualquier producto que contenga Retinol, Retinyl Acetate o Retinyl Palmitate<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-2\">2<\/a><\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Calendario<\/dt><dd>Aplicable desde el 1 de noviembre de 2025<small>Desde esa fecha no pueden introducirse en el mercado productos que no cumplan los requisitos, y a partir del 1 de mayo de 2027 tampoco podr\u00e1n comercializarse<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-2\">2<\/a><\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Al\u00e9rgeno de declaraci\u00f3n obligatoria<\/dt><dd>No<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Seguridad<\/dt><dd>Seguro dentro de los l\u00edmites fijados por el CCSC<small>Dictamen del CCSC de octubre de 2022: seguro hasta el 0,05 % ER en lociones corporales y el 0,3 % ER en otros productos<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-2\">2<\/a><\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"sec research\" id=\"recherche\" aria-labelledby=\"h-r\"><div class=\"wrap\">\n  <div class=\"r-head\"><div><h2 class=\"h2\" id=\"h-r\">Qu\u00e9 dice la investigaci\u00f3n<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"lede\">Cada resultado indica el protocolo y el nivel de evidencia. Cuanto mayor sea el nivel, m\u00e1s aplicable ser\u00e1 el resultado a una f\u00f3rmula acabada.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n  <div class=\"r-tools\"><div class=\"seg\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Filtrar por \u00e1rea\" id=\"rfilter\"><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-d=\"all\">Todos <span>7<\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-d=\"visage\">Rostro <span>3<\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-d=\"corps\">Cuerpo <span>1<\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-d=\"derm\">Revisiones <span>3<\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"legend\" aria-label=\"Niveles de evidencia\"><span class=\"lvl\"><i class=\"dot c\"><\/i>Ensayo cl\u00ednico<\/span><span class=\"lvl\"><i class=\"dot r\"><\/i>Revisi\u00f3n o consenso<\/span><span class=\"lvl\"><i class=\"dot v\"><\/i>Laboratorio<\/span><\/div><\/div>\n  <div class=\"domain\" data-d=\"visage\"><h3>Piel del rostro<span>Cuidado de la piel<\/span><\/h3><div class=\"finds\"><article class=\"find\"><div class=\"find-top\"><h4>Resultados en l\u00edneas de expresi\u00f3n y manchas comparables a los del bakuchiol<\/h4><span class=\"lvl\"><i class=\"dot c\"><\/i>Ensayo cl\u00ednico<\/span><\/div><div class=\"meta\"><span>Retinol al 0,5 %, una aplicaci\u00f3n al d\u00eda<\/span><span>12 semanas<\/span><span>44 participantes<\/span><span>Doble ciego, frente a bakuchiol al 0,5 %<\/span><\/div><p>El retinol reduce la superficie de las arrugas y la hiperpigmentaci\u00f3n, sin diferencias significativas respecto al bakuchiol. Los usuarios de retinol refieren m\u00e1s descamaci\u00f3n y escozor. La concentraci\u00f3n evaluada supera el l\u00edmite europeo actual<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-4\">4<\/a>.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"find\"><div class=\"find-top\"><h4>0,3 % o 1 %: mismo efecto en la piel, mejor tolerancia al 0,3 %<\/h4><span class=\"lvl\"><i class=\"dot c\"><\/i>Ensayo cl\u00ednico<\/span><\/div><div class=\"meta\"><span>Retinol al 0,1 %, 0,3 % y 1 %<\/span><span>12 d\u00edas bajo oclusi\u00f3n (5 voluntarios), seguidos de 6 semanas (218 participantes)<\/span><span>Biopsias y seguimiento de la tolerancia<\/span><\/div><p>El grosor de la epidermis aumenta con la concentraci\u00f3n. Al 0,3 % y al 1 %, la proliferaci\u00f3n de queratinocitos y el dep\u00f3sito de microfibrillas de fibrilina son comparables, sin signos de inflamaci\u00f3n local. Con un uso diario introducido de forma gradual, el 0,3 % provoca menos efectos adversos y m\u00e1s leves que el 1 %<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-5\">5<\/a>.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"find\"><div class=\"find-top\"><h4>Del retinol al \u00e1cido retinoico en la piel<\/h4><span class=\"lvl\"><i class=\"dot v\"><\/i>Laboratorio<\/span><\/div><div class=\"meta\"><span>Modelo de piel humana reconstruida<\/span><span>Retinol, retinal y palmitato de retinilo<\/span><\/div><p>El retinol se deposita en el modelo de piel y se convierte en \u00e1cido retinoico, algo que no ocurri\u00f3 con el palmitato de retinilo. La conversi\u00f3n medida es baja: 0,68 \u00b5M tras 2 horas<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-9\">9<\/a>.<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/div><div class=\"domain\" data-d=\"corps\"><h3>Cuerpo<span>Cuidado corporal<\/span><\/h3><div class=\"finds\"><article class=\"find\"><div class=\"find-top\"><h4>Arrugas finas en los brazos de pieles envejecidas<\/h4><span class=\"lvl\"><i class=\"dot c\"><\/i>Ensayo cl\u00ednico<\/span><\/div><div class=\"meta\"><span>Loci\u00f3n al 0,4 %<\/span><span>24 semanas<\/span><span>36 personas, edad media de 87 a\u00f1os<\/span><span>Aleatorizado, comparaci\u00f3n entre brazos y frente al veh\u00edculo<\/span><\/div><p>La puntuaci\u00f3n de arrugas finas disminuye 1,64 puntos con retinol frente a 0,08 con el veh\u00edculo (p < 0,001). La expresi\u00f3n de glucosaminoglucanos y procol\u00e1geno I aumenta en las biopsias de un subgrupo. La concentraci\u00f3n supera los l\u00edmites europeos actuales<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-3\">3<\/a>.<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/div><div class=\"domain\" data-d=\"derm\"><h3>Revisiones y estabilidad<span>Formulaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/h3><div class=\"finds\"><article class=\"find\"><div class=\"find-top\"><h4>Retinoides recomendados para l\u00edneas de expresi\u00f3n, manchas y poros<\/h4><span class=\"lvl\"><i class=\"dot r\"><\/i>Consenso de expertos<\/span><\/div><div class=\"meta\"><span>Consenso Delphi de 2025<\/span><span>62 dermat\u00f3logos<\/span><span>43 centros<\/span><\/div><p>Los retinoides figuran entre los 23 ingredientes recomendados por el panel, especialmente para las l\u00edneas de expresi\u00f3n, las manchas marrones, los poros dilatados y la piel grasa. El resumen se refiere al grupo de los retinoides, sin distinguir el retinol<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-10\">10<\/a>.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"find\"><div class=\"find-top\"><h4>Menos irritante que los retinoides m\u00e1s potentes<\/h4><span class=\"lvl\"><i class=\"dot r\"><\/i>Revisi\u00f3n<\/span><\/div><div class=\"meta\"><span>2 revisiones de la literatura<\/span><span>2006<\/span><\/div><p>El retinol y el retinal son considerablemente menos irritantes que la tretino\u00edna y el tazaroteno, aunque el retinol ofrece una eficacia m\u00e1s modesta; el retinal parece ser el m\u00e1s eficaz de los retinoides cosm\u00e9ticos<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-6\">6<\/a><a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-7\">7<\/a>.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"find\"><div class=\"find-top\"><h4>Un activo fr\u00e1gil: hasta un 80 % de p\u00e9rdida en 6 meses<\/h4><span class=\"lvl\"><i class=\"dot v\"><\/i>Laboratorio<\/span><\/div><div class=\"meta\"><span>12 productos comerciales<\/span><span>6 meses a 25 y 40 \u00b0C<\/span><span>An\u00e1lisis por HPLC<\/span><\/div><p>Los retinoides pierden entre el 0 y el 80 % de su contenido en 6 meses a 25 \u00b0C, y entre el 40 y el 100 % a 40 \u00b0C. La luz provoca m\u00e1s degradaci\u00f3n que el calor. La estabilidad depende de la f\u00f3rmula, y algunos productos contienen menos cantidad de la declarada<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-8\">8<\/a>.<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/div>\n  <p class=\"frame\">Esta ficha resume la literatura publicada sobre un ingrediente cosm\u00e9tico. No describe el efecto de un producto acabado, que depende de su f\u00f3rmula, ni sustituye el consejo m\u00e9dico. Varios de los ensayos cl\u00ednicos citados fueron realizados o financiados por empresas cosm\u00e9ticas; se indica en las fuentes. Varios ensayos evaluaron concentraciones superiores al l\u00edmite europeo actual: se especifica en cada resultado.<\/p><\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"sec\" id=\"concentrations\" aria-labelledby=\"h-c\"><div class=\"wrap dose\">\n  <div><h2 class=\"h2\" id=\"h-c\">Concentraciones utilizadas en los estudios<\/h2><p class=\"lede\">La zona coloreada se\u00f1ala los l\u00edmites europeos: 0,05 % ER en lociones corporales y 0,3 % ER en otros productos. Los ensayos anteriores evaluaron el 0,4 %, el 0,5 % y el 1 %, por encima de estos l\u00edmites. La concentraci\u00f3n final de una f\u00f3rmula se acuerda con el formulador en el marco del Reglamento (UE) 2024\/996.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"scale dense\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Escala de 0 a 2 %: l\u00edmite del 0,05 % para lociones corporales y del 0,3 % para otros productos; ensayos al 0,5 % y al 1 %, por encima de los l\u00edmites\"><div class=\"track\"><div class=\"band\" style=\"left:2.5%;width:12.5%\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pin\" style=\"left:2.5%\"><strong class=\"num\">0,05 %<\/strong><span>L\u00edmite de la UE, loci\u00f3n corporal<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-2\">2<\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"pin\" style=\"left:15%\"><strong class=\"num\">0,3 %<\/strong><span>L\u00edmite de la UE, otros productos<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-2\">2<\/a>; mejor tolerancia que al 1 %<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-5\">5<\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"pin\" style=\"left:25%\"><strong class=\"num\">0,5 %<\/strong><span>Ensayo frente al bakuchiol, por encima del l\u00edmite<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-4\">4<\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"pin\" style=\"left:50%\"><strong class=\"num\">1 %<\/strong><span>Ensayo de tolerancia, por encima del l\u00edmite<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-5\">5<\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"ticks\"><span class=\"tick num\" style=\"left:0%\">0%<\/span><span class=\"tick num\" style=\"left:50%\">1<\/span><span class=\"tick num\" style=\"left:100%\">2%<\/span><\/div><\/div>\n  <ul class=\"pins-list\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><li><strong class=\"num\">0,05 %<\/strong><span>L\u00edmite de la UE, loci\u00f3n corporal<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-2\">2<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><strong class=\"num\">0,3 %<\/strong><span>L\u00edmite de la UE, otros productos<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-2\">2<\/a>; mejor tolerancia que al 1 %<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-5\">5<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><strong class=\"num\">0,5 %<\/strong><span>Ensayo frente al bakuchiol, por encima del l\u00edmite<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-4\">4<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><strong class=\"num\">1 %<\/strong><span>Ensayo de tolerancia, por encima del l\u00edmite<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-5\">5<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"sec products\" id=\"produits\" aria-labelledby=\"h-p\"><div class=\"wrap\">\n  <div class=\"p-head\"><div><h2 class=\"h2\" id=\"h-p\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 productos contienen retinol?<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"lede\">Nuestro <a class=\"txt-link\" href=\"https:\/\/carmelcosmeticslabs.com\/es\/catalogo-cosmetica-marca-blanca\/\">cat\u00e1logo de marca blanca<\/a> incluye 2 f\u00f3rmulas con retinol: es el activo principal en 2 de ellas y un ingrediente complementario en las dem\u00e1s. Todas las categor\u00edas se pueden personalizar (f\u00f3rmula, fragancia, envase).<\/p><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"p-cols\" style=\"--pc:1\"><div class=\"p-col on\" id=\"pc-visage\" role=\"tabpanel\"><h3><span class=\"count num\">2<\/span>Rostro<\/h3><p>Activo principal del s\u00e9rum con retinol encapsulado y de la crema de noche, dos f\u00f3rmulas del cat\u00e1logo personalizables dentro de los l\u00edmites del reglamento europeo.<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/carmelcosmeticslabs.com\/es\/catalogo-cosmetica-marca-blanca\/cremas-faciales-marca-blanca\/\"><span>Cremas faciales<\/span><span class=\"n\">1<\/span><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.75\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M5 12h14M13 6l6 6-6 6\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/carmelcosmeticslabs.com\/es\/catalogo-cosmetica-marca-blanca\/serums-faciales-marca-blanca\/\"><span>S\u00e9rums faciales<\/span><span class=\"n\">1<\/span><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.75\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M5 12h14M13 6l6 6-6 6\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=feat><a href=\"https:\/\/carmelcosmeticslabs.com\/es\/catalogo-cosmetica-marca-blanca\/serums-faciales-marca-blanca\/serum-retinol-marca-blanca\/\"><span>S\u00e9rum de retinol<small>Activo principal<\/small><\/span><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.75\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M5 12h14M13 6l6 6-6 6\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/carmelcosmeticslabs.com\/es\/catalogo-cosmetica-marca-blanca\/cremas-faciales-marca-blanca\/crema-noche-retinol-marca-blanca\/\"><span>Crema de noche con retinol<small>Activo principal<\/small><\/span><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.75\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M5 12h14M13 6l6 6-6 6\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pairs\"><p>En nuestras f\u00f3rmulas, se combina con mayor frecuencia con<\/p><a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/carmelcosmeticslabs.com\/es\/glosario-ingredientes-cosmeticos\/acido-glicolico\/\">\u00c1cido glic\u00f3lico <span class=\"num\">1<\/span><\/a><span class=\"chip\">\u00c1cido lactobi\u00f3nico <span class=\"num\">1<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n  <\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"sec\" id=\"comparatif\" aria-labelledby=\"h-cmp\"><div class=\"wrap\">\n  <h2 class=\"h2\" id=\"h-cmp\">\u00bfRetinol, niacinamida, vitamina C o \u00e1cido hialur\u00f3nico?<\/h2><p class=\"lede\">Cuatro activos que suelen compararse al elegir el ingrediente protagonista de una gama. Son compatibles y a menudo se combinan en una misma rutina.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"seg c-pick\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Comparar con\" id=\"cpick\"><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-c=\"3\">Niacinamida<\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-c=\"4\">Vitamina C<\/button><button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-c=\"5\">\u00c1cido hialur\u00f3nico<\/button><\/div>\n  <div class=\"tbl-wrap\"><table class=\"cmp\" id=\"cmp\" data-c=\"3\"><colgroup><col><col class=\"me\"><col><col><col><\/colgroup>\n  <thead><tr><td><\/td><th scope=\"col\">Retinol<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Niacinamida<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Vitamina C<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\u00c1cido hialur\u00f3nico<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Funci\u00f3n principal<\/th><td>Textura de la piel, l\u00edneas de expresi\u00f3n<\/td><td>Barrera cut\u00e1nea, tono, brillos<\/td><td>Luminosidad, protecci\u00f3n antioxidante<\/td><td>Hidrataci\u00f3n superficial<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Momento de uso<\/th><td>A menudo por la noche<\/td><td>Ma\u00f1ana y noche<\/td><td>A menudo por la ma\u00f1ana<\/td><td>Ma\u00f1ana y noche<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">En la f\u00f3rmula<\/th><td>Se degrada principalmente por la luz, con hasta un 80 % de p\u00e9rdida en 6 meses en productos comerciales<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-8\">8<\/a><\/td><td>Estable, f\u00e1cil de formular en fase acuosa<\/td><td>Se oxida con el aire y la luz, requiere un envase protector<\/td><td>Estable, el peso molecular modifica la sensaci\u00f3n<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Normativa de la UE<\/th><td>Limitado al 0,3 % ER y al 0,05 % ER en lociones corporales, con advertencia obligatoria<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-2\">2<\/a><\/td><td>Sin restricciones<\/td><td>Sin restricciones para el \u00e1cido asc\u00f3rbico<\/td><td>Sin restricciones<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Para qui\u00e9n<\/th><td>Usuarios experimentados, introducci\u00f3n gradual<\/td><td>P\u00fablico amplio, incluidas las pieles sensibles<\/td><td>Pieles apagadas<\/td><td>Todo tipo de piel<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"sec\" id=\"faq\" aria-labelledby=\"h-faq\"><div class=\"wrap faq-grid\">\n  <h2 class=\"h2\" id=\"h-faq\">Preguntas frecuentes sobre retinol<\/h2><div class=\"faq\"><details open><summary>\u00bfQu\u00e9 es el retinol?<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.75\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M12 5v14M5 12h14\"\/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"a\">Es una forma liposoluble de vitamina A utilizada en cosm\u00e9tica para la textura de la piel y el aspecto de las l\u00edneas de expresi\u00f3n. En un modelo de piel reconstruida se convierte parcialmente en \u00e1cido retinoico<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-9\">9<\/a>; el retinol cosm\u00e9tico sigue siendo menos irritante que los retinoides m\u00e1s potentes<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-6\">6<\/a>.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>\u00bfQu\u00e9 porcentaje de retinol est\u00e1 permitido en cosm\u00e9tica?<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.75\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M12 5v14M5 12h14\"\/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"a\">Desde el Reglamento (UE) 2024\/996, el retinol est\u00e1 limitado al 0,3 % de equivalente de retinol en productos con y sin aclarado, y al 0,05 % ER en lociones corporales. Estos l\u00edmites siguen el dictamen del CCSC de 2022<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-2\">2<\/a>. Tambi\u00e9n se aplican a los \u00e9steres acetato de retinilo y palmitato de retinilo.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>\u00bfQu\u00e9 advertencia debe figurar en la etiqueta?<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.75\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M12 5v14M5 12h14\"\/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"a\">Todo producto que contenga retinol o uno de sus \u00e9steres debe llevar la advertencia \u00abContiene vitamina A. Tenga en cuenta su ingesta diaria antes de utilizarlo\u00bb. Desde el 1 de noviembre de 2025, los productos que no cumplan los requisitos no pueden introducirse en el mercado europeo<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-2\">2<\/a>.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>\u00bfQu\u00e9 beneficios tiene el retinol para la piel?<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.75\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M12 5v14M5 12h14\"\/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"a\">Los ensayos cl\u00ednicos citados se centran en las l\u00edneas de expresi\u00f3n, la textura de la piel y las manchas: disminuci\u00f3n de arrugas finas en pieles envejecidas tras 24 semanas al 0,4 %<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-3\">3<\/a>, y reducci\u00f3n de arrugas e hiperpigmentaci\u00f3n tras 12 semanas al 0,5 %<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-4\">4<\/a>. Estas concentraciones superan el l\u00edmite europeo actual.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>\u00bfQu\u00e9 efectos secundarios puede tener el retinol?<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.75\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M12 5v14M5 12h14\"\/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"a\">En el ensayo frente al bakuchiol, los usuarios de retinol refieren m\u00e1s descamaci\u00f3n y escozor<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-4\">4<\/a>. Al 0,3 %, los efectos adversos son menos numerosos y m\u00e1s leves que al 1 %, con una introducci\u00f3n gradual<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-5\">5<\/a>. De ah\u00ed la importancia de incorporar el producto progresivamente.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Retinol y embarazo: \u00bfqu\u00e9 dice la normativa?<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.75\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M12 5v14M5 12h14\"\/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"a\">La advertencia obligatoria invita a tener en cuenta la ingesta diaria de vitamina A, ya que la alimentaci\u00f3n y los complementos se suman al aporte cosm\u00e9tico<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-2\">2<\/a>. Durante el embarazo, como con cualquier cosm\u00e9tico, debe consultarse a un profesional sanitario.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>\u00bfEl retinol se utiliza por la ma\u00f1ana o por la noche?<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.75\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M12 5v14M5 12h14\"\/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"a\">La literatura citada no establece un momento del d\u00eda. El retinol se degrada principalmente por la luz<a class=\"ref\" href=\"#src-8\">8<\/a>: de ah\u00ed la importancia de un envase protector, sea cual sea el momento de aplicaci\u00f3n.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>\u00bfPueden fabricar un s\u00e9rum con retinol para mi marca?<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.75\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M12 5v14M5 12h14\"\/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"a\">S\u00ed. Nuestro laboratorio <a class=\"txt-link\" href=\"https:\/\/carmelcosmeticslabs.com\/es\/certificaciones-iso-22716\/\">certificado seg\u00fan la norma ISO 22716<\/a> ofrece 2 f\u00f3rmulas con retinol (s\u00e9rum y crema de noche) que puede personalizar, o una <a class=\"txt-link\" href=\"https:\/\/carmelcosmeticslabs.com\/es\/laboratorio-formulacion-cosmetica\/\">f\u00f3rmula a medida<\/a>. La concentraci\u00f3n se fija dentro del l\u00edmite del Reglamento (UE) 2024\/996 y la etiqueta incluye la advertencia obligatoria. Las muestras son gratuitas.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"sec\" id=\"plus\" aria-labelledby=\"h-more\" style=\"padding-top:0\"><div class=\"wrap more-grid\">\n  <div><h2 class=\"h2\" id=\"h-more\">Lecturas complementarias<\/h2><div class=\"hubs\"><a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/carmelcosmeticslabs.com\/es\/glosario-ingredientes-cosmeticos\/\">Glosario de ingredientes<\/a><a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/carmelcosmeticslabs.com\/es\/catalogo-cosmetica-marca-blanca\/serums-faciales-marca-blanca\/\">S\u00e9rums faciales en marca blanca<\/a><a class=\"chip\" href=\"https:\/\/carmelcosmeticslabs.com\/es\/crear-marca-de-cosmeticos-2\/\">Crear su marca de cosm\u00e9tica<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n  <ul class=\"more-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/carmelcosmeticslabs.com\/es\/piel-menopausia-formular-gama-cuidados-conforme-2026\/\"><span><strong>Piel y menopausia: formular una gama cosm\u00e9tica conforme a la normativa en 2026<\/strong><small>Retinol regulado y alegaciones conformes a la normativa<\/small><\/span><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.75\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M5 12h14M13 6l6 6-6 6\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/carmelcosmeticslabs.com\/es\/waterless-beauty-2026-formulaciones-anhidras-premium-marca-blanca\/\"><span><strong>Cosm\u00e9tica sin agua en 2026: f\u00f3rmulas anhidras de alta gama<\/strong><small>S\u00e9rums anhidros y retinol encapsulado<\/small><\/span><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.75\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M5 12h14M13 6l6 6-6 6\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/carmelcosmeticslabs.com\/es\/top-10-ingredientes-cosmeticos-tendencia-2026-activos-debe\/\"><span><strong>Los 10 ingredientes cosm\u00e9ticos en tendencia en 2026<\/strong><small>El bakuchiol como alternativa al retinol y otros activos de la cosm\u00e9tica de marca blanca<\/small><\/span><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.75\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M5 12h14M13 6l6 6-6 6\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"sec sources\" id=\"sources\" aria-labelledby=\"h-s\"><div class=\"wrap\">\n  <h2 class=\"h2\" id=\"h-s\">Fuentes<\/h2><p class=\"lede\">Estudios revisados por pares y fuentes normativas oficiales, consultados el 2 de noviembre de 2026.<\/p>\n  <ol class=\"src\"><li id=\"src-1\"><span>Comisi\u00f3n Europea. <em>CosIng, ficha RETINOL<\/em> (CAS 68-26-8 \/ 11103-57-4, CE 200-683-7 \/ 234-328-2). <a class=\"txt-link\" href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/growth\/tools-databases\/cosing\/details\/37479\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ec.europa.eu\/growth\/tools-databases\/cosing<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"src-2\"><span>Reglamento (UE) 2024\/996 de la Comisi\u00f3n, de 3 de abril de 2024, por el que se modifica el Reglamento (CE) n.\u00ba 1223\/2009 (vitamina A, alfa-arbutina, arbutina y otras sustancias): anexo III, entrada 376; dictamen del CCSC SCCS\/1639\/21. <a class=\"txt-link\" href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2024\/996\/oj\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">eur-lex.europa.eu<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"src-3\"><span>Kafi R, Kwak HS, Schumacher WE, et al. <em>Improvement of naturally aged skin with vitamin A (retinol).<\/em> Arch Dermatol. 2007;143(5):606-612. <a class=\"txt-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archderm.143.5.606\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.1001\/archderm.143.5.606<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"src-4\"><span>Dhaliwal S, Rybak I, Ellis SR, et al. <em>Prospective, randomized, double-blind assessment of topical bakuchiol and retinol for facial photoageing.<\/em> Br J Dermatol. 2019;180(2):289-296. <a class=\"txt-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjd.16918\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.1111\/bjd.16918<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"src-5\"><span>Mellody KT, Bradley EJ, Mambwe B, et al. <em>Multifaceted amelioration of cutaneous photoageing by (0.3%) retinol.<\/em> Int J Cosmet Sci. 2022;44(6):625-635. <a class=\"txt-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ics.12799\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.1111\/ics.12799<\/a><span class=\"tag\">No7 Beauty Company (Walgreens Boots Alliance)<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"src-6\"><span>Mukherjee S, Date A, Patravale V, et al. <em>Retinoids in the treatment of skin aging: an overview of clinical efficacy and safety.<\/em> Clin Interv Aging. 2006;1(4):327-348. <a class=\"txt-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/ciia.2006.1.4.327\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.2147\/ciia.2006.1.4.327<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"src-7\"><span>Sorg O, Antille C, Kaya G, Saurat JH. <em>Retinoids in cosmeceuticals.<\/em> Dermatol Ther. 2006;19(5):289-296. <a class=\"txt-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2006.00086.x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2006.00086.x<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"src-8\"><span>Temova Raku\u0161a \u017d, \u0160kufca P, Kristl A, Ro\u0161kar R. <em>Retinoid stability and degradation kinetics in commercial cosmetic products.<\/em> J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021;20(7):2350-2358. <a class=\"txt-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocd.13852\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.1111\/jocd.13852<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"src-9\"><span>Kim JE, Lee DY, Choi J, et al. <em>Spectral and mass characterization of kinetic conversion from retinoids to retinoic acid in an in vitro 3-D human skin equivalent model.<\/em> Eur J Pharm Sci. 2024;198:106784. <a class=\"txt-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejps.2024.106784\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.1016\/j.ejps.2024.106784<\/a><span class=\"tag\">AMOREPACIFIC<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"src-10\"><span>Alvarez GV, Kang BY, Richmond AM, et al. <em>Skincare ingredients recommended by cosmetic dermatologists: a Delphi consensus study.<\/em> J Am Acad Dermatol. 2025;93(6):1509-1525. <a class=\"txt-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.04.021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.04.021<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/section>\n\n<div class=\"fab\" id=\"fab\"><a class=\"btn\" href=\"#consultation\">Crear un producto con retinol <span class=\"knob\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.8\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M5 12h14M13 6l6 6-6 6\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"scrim\" id=\"scrim\"><\/div><div class=\"pop\" id=\"pop\" role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"false\" aria-labelledby=\"pop-n\" hidden><div class=\"pop-n\" id=\"pop-n\"><\/div><div class=\"pop-body\" id=\"pop-body\"><\/div><div class=\"pop-foot\"><a class=\"txt-link\" id=\"pop-all\" href=\"#sources\">Todas las fuentes<\/a><button class=\"pop-x\" type=\"button\" id=\"pop-x\">Cerrar<\/button><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@graph\": [{\"@type\": \"WebPage\", \"@id\": \"https:\/\/carmelcosmeticslabs.com\/es\/glosario-ingredientes-cosmeticos\/retinol\/#webpage\", \"url\": \"https:\/\/carmelcosmeticslabs.com\/es\/glosario-ingredientes-cosmeticos\/retinol\/\", \"name\": \"Retinol: beneficios, l\u00edmite del 0,3 % y estudios\", \"inLanguage\": \"es-ES\", \"datePublished\": \"2026-11-02\", \"dateModified\": \"2026-11-02\", \"author\": {\"@type\": \"Person\", \"name\": \"Mohamed El Hjouji\", \"jobTitle\": \"Fundador y director ejecutivo\", \"worksFor\": {\"@type\": \"Organization\", \"name\": \"Carmel Cosmetics Labs\", \"url\": \"https:\/\/carmelcosmeticslabs.com\/\"}}, \"about\": {\"@type\": \"ChemicalSubstance\", \"name\": \"Retinol\", \"alternateName\": [\"Vitamina A\", 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En un modelo de piel reconstruida se convierte parcialmente en \u00e1cido retinoico; el retinol cosm\u00e9tico sigue siendo menos irritante que los retinoides m\u00e1s potentes.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"\u00bfQu\u00e9 porcentaje de retinol est\u00e1 permitido en cosm\u00e9tica?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Desde el Reglamento (UE) 2024\/996, el retinol est\u00e1 limitado al 0,3 % de equivalente de retinol en productos con y sin aclarado, y al 0,05 % ER en lociones corporales. Estos l\u00edmites siguen el dictamen del CCSC de 2022. Tambi\u00e9n se aplican a los \u00e9steres acetato de retinilo y palmitato de retinilo.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"\u00bfQu\u00e9 advertencia debe figurar en la etiqueta?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Todo producto que contenga retinol o uno de sus \u00e9steres debe llevar la advertencia \u00abContiene vitamina A. Tenga en cuenta su ingesta diaria antes de utilizarlo\u00bb. Desde el 1 de noviembre de 2025, los productos que no cumplan los requisitos no pueden introducirse en el mercado europeo.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"\u00bfQu\u00e9 beneficios tiene el retinol para la piel?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Los ensayos cl\u00ednicos citados se centran en las l\u00edneas de expresi\u00f3n, la textura de la piel y las manchas: disminuci\u00f3n de arrugas finas en pieles envejecidas tras 24 semanas al 0,4 %, y reducci\u00f3n de arrugas e hiperpigmentaci\u00f3n tras 12 semanas al 0,5 %. Estas concentraciones superan el l\u00edmite europeo actual.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"\u00bfQu\u00e9 efectos secundarios puede tener el retinol?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"En el ensayo frente al bakuchiol, los usuarios de retinol refieren m\u00e1s descamaci\u00f3n y escozor. Al 0,3 %, los efectos adversos son menos numerosos y m\u00e1s leves que al 1 %, con una introducci\u00f3n gradual. De ah\u00ed la importancia de incorporar el producto progresivamente.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Retinol y embarazo: \u00bfqu\u00e9 dice la normativa?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"La advertencia obligatoria invita a tener en cuenta la ingesta diaria de vitamina A, ya que la alimentaci\u00f3n y los complementos se suman al aporte cosm\u00e9tico. Durante el embarazo, como con cualquier cosm\u00e9tico, debe consultarse a un profesional sanitario.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"\u00bfEl retinol se utiliza por la ma\u00f1ana o por la noche?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"La literatura citada no establece un momento del d\u00eda. 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i.setAttribute('aria-invalid',!good); if(!good&&ok){i.focus();ok=false}\n    });\n    if(ok)$('#f-ok').hidden=false;\n  });\n  $$('#lead input').forEach(function(i){i.addEventListener('input',function(){i.closest('.f').classList.remove('bad');i.removeAttribute('aria-invalid')})});\n})();\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85b237a e-flex e-con-full lpf-sec e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"85b237a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"consultation\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-349e06a e-flex e-con-full lpf-card e-con e-child\" data-id=\"349e06a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8240bfe elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"8240bfe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\n#consultation{scroll-margin-top:110px}\nbody .e-con.lpf-sec{background:#edf5f2!important;padding:clamp(48px,6vw,88px) 16px!important;margin:0!important}\nbody .e-con.lpf-card{--bg:#fbfdfc;--paper:#fff;--mint:#edf5f2;--ink:#10292a;--muted:#51686a;--line:#d6e4e0;--teal:#2f7266;--deep:#0f3a35;--f-display:\"Proxima Nova\",system-ui,sans-serif;--f-body:\"Lato\",system-ui,sans-serif;\n --display:block;display:block!important;width:100%;max-width:760px!important;margin:0 auto!important;background:#fff;border-radius:28px;padding:clamp(22px,3vw,40px)!important;box-shadow:0 1px 0 rgb(16 58 53\/.04),0 30px 70px -36px rgb(16 58 53\/.45),0 0 0 1px #d6e4e0;color:var(--ink);font:400 16px\/1.55 var(--f-body)}\nbody .e-con.lpf-card *{box-sizing:border-box}\nbody .e-con.lpf-card>.elementor-element,body .lpf-card .elementor-widget-container,body .lpf-card .wpforms-container,body .lpf-card form,body .lpf-card .wpforms-field,body .lpf-card .choices,body .lpf-card .iti{width:100%!important;max-width:100%!important;min-width:0!important;margin:0!important}\nbody .lpf-card .eael-contact-form,body .lpf-card .eael-wpforms{background:transparent!important;padding:0!important;margin:0!important;max-width:none!important;box-shadow:none!important;border:0!important}\nbody .lpf-card .dv-card-head{display:flex;gap:16px;align-items:center;margin-bottom:clamp(16px,1.8vw,22px)}\nbody .lpf-card .dv-avatar{flex:none;width:64px;height:64px;border-radius:20px;object-fit:cover;object-position:30% 30%}\nbody .lpf-card .dv-card-head h2{margin:0;font:680 clamp(21px,2vw,26px)\/1.15 var(--f-display);letter-spacing:-.025em;color:var(--ink)}\nbody .lpf-card .dv-card-head p{margin:4px 0 0;color:var(--muted);font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.45}\nbody .lpf-card .dv-reassure{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:flex-start;margin:14px 0 0;font-size:13px;line-height:1.45;color:var(--muted)}\nbody .lpf-card .dv-reassure svg{flex:none;width:17px;height:17px;margin-top:1px;color:var(--teal)}\nbody .lpf-card .wpforms-head-container,body .lpf-card .wpforms-title,body .lpf-card .wpforms-description{display:none!important}\nbody .lpf-card .wpforms-field-container{display:grid;gap:14px}\nbody .lpf-card .wpforms-field{padding:0!important;float:none!important;width:auto!important}\nbody .lpf-card .wpforms-field-name .wpforms-field-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:12px;max-width:none!important}\nbody .lpf-card .choices.wpforms-field-row{display:block!important}\nbody .lpf-card .wpforms-field-row-block{width:auto!important;padding:0!important;float:none!important}\nbody .lpf-card .wpforms-field-row::before,body .lpf-card .wpforms-field-row::after{display:none!important}\nbody .lpf-card label.wpforms-field-label,body .lpf-card legend.wpforms-field-label{display:block;font:600 13.5px\/1.3 var(--f-body)!important;color:var(--ink)!important;margin:0 0 7px!important;padding:0!important;text-transform:none!important;letter-spacing:normal!important}\nbody .lpf-card fieldset{border:0!important;padding:0!important;margin:0!important;min-width:0}\nbody .lpf-card .wpforms-label-hide{position:static!important;width:auto!important;height:auto!important;overflow:visible!important;clip:auto!important}\nbody .lpf-card .wpforms-sublabel-hide{position:absolute!important;width:1px!important;height:1px!important;overflow:hidden!important;clip:rect(0 0 0 0)!important}\nbody .lpf-card .wpforms-required-label{color:var(--teal)!important}\nbody .lpf-card input[type=text],body .lpf-card input[type=email],body .lpf-card input[type=tel],body .lpf-card input[type=url],body .lpf-card input[type=number],body .lpf-card select,body .lpf-card textarea{width:100%!important;max-width:none!important;font:400 15.5px\/1.4 var(--f-body)!important;color:var(--ink)!important;background:var(--bg)!important;border:1px solid var(--line)!important;border-radius:14px!important;padding:13px 15px!important;height:auto!important;min-height:50px;box-shadow:none!important;transition:border-color .2s ease,box-shadow .2s ease,background-color .2s ease}\nbody .lpf-card .iti input[type=tel]{padding-left:52px!important}\nbody .lpf-card textarea{min-height:120px;resize:vertical}\nbody .lpf-card input:focus,body .lpf-card select:focus,body .lpf-card textarea:focus{outline:0!important;border-color:var(--teal)!important;background-color:var(--paper)!important;box-shadow:0 0 0 4px rgb(47 114 102\/.14)!important}\nbody .lpf-card ::placeholder{color:#8aa09d;opacity:1}\nbody .lpf-card .wpforms-submit-container{margin-top:6px!important;padding:0!important}\nbody .lpf-card button.wpforms-submit{width:100%!important;display:inline-flex!important;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:10px;font:650 16px\/1 var(--f-body)!important;color:#fff!important;background:var(--deep)!important;border:0!important;border-radius:99px!important;padding:19px 26px!important;min-height:58px;cursor:pointer;box-shadow:0 14px 30px -14px rgb(16 58 53\/.7)!important;transition:transform .16s cubic-bezier(.23,1,.32,1),background-color .2s ease}\n@media (hover:hover) and (pointer:fine){body .lpf-card button.wpforms-submit:hover{background:var(--teal)!important}}\nbody .lpf-card button.wpforms-submit:active{transform:scale(.98)}\nbody .lpf-card .wpforms-error,body .lpf-card label.wpforms-error,body .lpf-card em.wpforms-error{display:block;color:#b3261e!important;font-size:12.5px!important;margin-top:5px!important}\nbody .lpf-card input.wpforms-error,body .lpf-card select.wpforms-error,body .lpf-card textarea.wpforms-error{border-color:#d26a5f!important}\nbody .lpf-card .wpforms-confirmation-container-full{background:var(--mint)!important;border:0!important;border-radius:18px!important;color:var(--ink)!important;padding:22px!important}\n@media (max-width:520px){body .lpf-card .wpforms-field-name .wpforms-field-row{grid-template-columns:1fr}}\n<\/style><div class=\"dv-card-head\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"dv-avatar\" src=\"https:\/\/carmelcosmeticslabs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/lancer-marque-cosmetique-etape-1-expert-carmel-768x953.webp\" alt=\"Especialista de producto de Carmel Cosmetics Labs con una fundadora de marca\" width=\"768\" height=\"953\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"| Carmel Cosmetics Labs\"><div><h2>Cu\u00e9ntenos su proyecto<\/h2><p>Un especialista de producto estudia su solicitud y le responde por el canal que prefiera.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-89a78ed dv-form eael-wpforms-labels-yes eael-wpforms-form-button-custom elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-wpforms\" data-id=\"89a78ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-wpforms.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t            <div class=\"eael-contact-form eael-wpforms eael-wpforms-align-default\">\n                                <div class=\"wpforms-container wpforms-container-full wpforms-render-modern\" id=\"wpforms-51144\"><form id=\"wpforms-form-51144\" class=\"wpforms-validate wpforms-form wpforms-ajax-form\" data-formid=\"51144\" method=\"post\" enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\" action=\"\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/57000\" data-token=\"8f94df23b1ccab2c62dd3b47ec22c230\" data-token-time=\"1794233088\"><div class=\"wpforms-head-container\"><div class=\"wpforms-title\">Lead ES \u2013 Demande de devis<\/div><\/div><noscript class=\"wpforms-error-noscript\">Por favor, activa JavaScript en tu navegador para completar este formulario.<\/noscript><div id=\"wpforms-error-noscript\" style=\"display: none;\">Por favor, activa JavaScript en tu navegador para completar este formulario.<\/div><div class=\"wpforms-field-container\"><div id=\"wpforms-51144-field_0-container\" class=\"wpforms-field wpforms-field-name\" data-field-type=\"name\" data-field-id=\"0\"><fieldset><legend class=\"wpforms-field-label wpforms-label-hide\" aria-hidden=\"false\">Nombre <span class=\"wpforms-required-label\" aria-hidden=\"true\">*<\/span><\/legend><div class=\"wpforms-field-row wpforms-field-large\"><div class=\"wpforms-field-row-block wpforms-first wpforms-one-half\"><input type=\"text\" id=\"wpforms-51144-field_0\" class=\"wpforms-field-name-first wpforms-field-required\" name=\"wpforms[fields][0][first]\" placeholder=\"Nombre\" aria-errormessage=\"wpforms-51144-field_0-error\" required><label for=\"wpforms-51144-field_0\" class=\"wpforms-field-sublabel after wpforms-sublabel-hide\">Pr\u00e9nom<\/label><\/div><div class=\"wpforms-field-row-block wpforms-one-half\"><input type=\"text\" id=\"wpforms-51144-field_0-last\" class=\"wpforms-field-name-last wpforms-field-required\" name=\"wpforms[fields][0][last]\" placeholder=\"Apellidos\" aria-errormessage=\"wpforms-51144-field_0-last-error\" required><label for=\"wpforms-51144-field_0-last\" class=\"wpforms-field-sublabel after wpforms-sublabel-hide\">Nom<\/label><\/div><\/div><\/fieldset><\/div><div id=\"wpforms-51144-field_1-container\" class=\"wpforms-field wpforms-field-email\" data-field-type=\"email\" data-field-id=\"1\"><label class=\"wpforms-field-label wpforms-label-hide\" for=\"wpforms-51144-field_1\" aria-hidden=\"false\">Correo electr\u00f3nico <span class=\"wpforms-required-label\" aria-hidden=\"true\">*<\/span><\/label><input type=\"email\" id=\"wpforms-51144-field_1\" class=\"wpforms-field-large wpforms-field-required\" name=\"wpforms[fields][1]\" placeholder=\"Su correo electr\u00f3nico\" spellcheck=\"false\" aria-errormessage=\"wpforms-51144-field_1-error\" required><\/div><div id=\"wpforms-51144-field_3-container\" class=\"wpforms-field wpforms-field-phone\" data-field-type=\"phone\" data-field-id=\"3\"><label class=\"wpforms-field-label wpforms-label-hide\" for=\"wpforms-51144-field_3\" aria-hidden=\"false\">Tel\u00e9fono <span class=\"wpforms-required-label\" aria-hidden=\"true\">*<\/span><\/label><input type=\"tel\" id=\"wpforms-51144-field_3\" class=\"wpforms-field-large wpforms-field-required wpforms-smart-phone-field\" data-rule-smart-phone-field=\"true\" name=\"wpforms[fields][3]\" placeholder=\"Su tel\u00e9fono\" aria-label=\"Tel\u00e9fono\" aria-errormessage=\"wpforms-51144-field_3-error\" required><\/div><div id=\"wpforms-51144-field_4-container\" class=\"wpforms-field wpforms-field-select wpforms-field-select-style-modern\" data-field-type=\"select\" data-field-id=\"4\"><label class=\"wpforms-field-label\" for=\"wpforms-51144-field_4\">Medio de contacto preferido <span class=\"wpforms-required-label\" aria-hidden=\"true\">*<\/span><\/label><select id=\"wpforms-51144-field_4\" class=\"wpforms-field-large wpforms-field-required choicesjs-select\" data-size-class=\"wpforms-field-row wpforms-field-large\" data-search-enabled=\"\" name=\"wpforms[fields][4]\" required=\"required\"><option value=\"\" class=\"placeholder\" disabled  selected='selected'>Elija su medio de contacto preferido<\/option><option value=\"WhatsApp\"  class=\"choice-1 depth-1\"  >WhatsApp<\/option><option value=\"Correo electr\u00f3nico\"  class=\"choice-2 depth-1\"  >Correo electr\u00f3nico<\/option><option value=\"Llamada telef\u00f3nica\"  class=\"choice-3 depth-1\"  >Llamada telef\u00f3nica<\/option><\/select><\/div><div id=\"wpforms-51144-field_2-container\" class=\"wpforms-field wpforms-field-textarea\" data-field-type=\"textarea\" data-field-id=\"2\"><label class=\"wpforms-field-label\" for=\"wpforms-51144-field_2\">Describa brevemente su proyecto: <span class=\"wpforms-required-label\" aria-hidden=\"true\">*<\/span><\/label><textarea id=\"wpforms-51144-field_2\" class=\"wpforms-field-medium wpforms-field-required\" name=\"wpforms[fields][2]\" placeholder=\"Contexto del proyecto, tipo de productos, fecha de lanzamiento prevista, mercado(s) objetivo, etc.\" aria-errormessage=\"wpforms-51144-field_2-error\" required><\/textarea><\/div><div id=\"wpforms-51144-field_5-container\" class=\"wpforms-field wpforms-field-hidden ccl-utm_source\" data-field-type=\"hidden\" data-field-id=\"5\"><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"wpforms-51144-field_5\" name=\"wpforms[fields][5]\"><\/div><div id=\"wpforms-51144-field_6-container\" class=\"wpforms-field wpforms-field-hidden ccl-utm_medium\" data-field-type=\"hidden\" data-field-id=\"6\"><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"wpforms-51144-field_6\" name=\"wpforms[fields][6]\"><\/div><div id=\"wpforms-51144-field_7-container\" class=\"wpforms-field wpforms-field-hidden ccl-utm_campaign\" data-field-type=\"hidden\" data-field-id=\"7\"><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"wpforms-51144-field_7\" name=\"wpforms[fields][7]\"><\/div><div id=\"wpforms-51144-field_8-container\" class=\"wpforms-field wpforms-field-hidden ccl-utm_term\" data-field-type=\"hidden\" data-field-id=\"8\"><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"wpforms-51144-field_8\" name=\"wpforms[fields][8]\"><\/div><div id=\"wpforms-51144-field_9-container\" class=\"wpforms-field wpforms-field-hidden ccl-utm_content\" data-field-type=\"hidden\" data-field-id=\"9\"><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"wpforms-51144-field_9\" name=\"wpforms[fields][9]\"><\/div><div id=\"wpforms-51144-field_10-container\" class=\"wpforms-field wpforms-field-hidden ccl-gclid\" data-field-type=\"hidden\" data-field-id=\"10\"><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"wpforms-51144-field_10\" name=\"wpforms[fields][10]\"><\/div><div id=\"wpforms-51144-field_11-container\" class=\"wpforms-field wpforms-field-hidden ccl-gbraid\" data-field-type=\"hidden\" data-field-id=\"11\"><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"wpforms-51144-field_11\" name=\"wpforms[fields][11]\"><\/div><div id=\"wpforms-51144-field_12-container\" class=\"wpforms-field wpforms-field-hidden ccl-wbraid\" data-field-type=\"hidden\" data-field-id=\"12\"><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"wpforms-51144-field_12\" name=\"wpforms[fields][12]\"><\/div><div id=\"wpforms-51144-field_13-container\" class=\"wpforms-field wpforms-field-hidden ccl-fbclid\" data-field-type=\"hidden\" data-field-id=\"13\"><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"wpforms-51144-field_13\" name=\"wpforms[fields][13]\"><\/div><div id=\"wpforms-51144-field_14-container\" class=\"wpforms-field wpforms-field-hidden ccl-landing\" data-field-type=\"hidden\" data-field-id=\"14\"><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"wpforms-51144-field_14\" name=\"wpforms[fields][14]\"><\/div><div id=\"wpforms-51144-field_15-container\" class=\"wpforms-field wpforms-field-hidden ccl-referrer\" data-field-type=\"hidden\" data-field-id=\"15\"><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"wpforms-51144-field_15\" name=\"wpforms[fields][15]\"><\/div><div id=\"wpforms-51144-field_16-container\" class=\"wpforms-field wpforms-field-hidden ccl-first_touch\" data-field-type=\"hidden\" data-field-id=\"16\"><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"wpforms-51144-field_16\" name=\"wpforms[fields][16]\"><\/div><div id=\"wpforms-51144-field_17-container\" class=\"wpforms-field wpforms-field-hidden ccl-canal\" data-field-type=\"hidden\" data-field-id=\"17\"><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"wpforms-51144-field_17\" name=\"wpforms[fields][17]\"><\/div><div id=\"wpforms-51144-field_18-container\" class=\"wpforms-field wpforms-field-hidden ccl-campagne\" data-field-type=\"hidden\" data-field-id=\"18\"><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"wpforms-51144-field_18\" name=\"wpforms[fields][18]\"><\/div><\/div><!-- .wpforms-field-container --><div class=\"wpforms-submit-container\" ><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"wpforms[id]\" value=\"51144\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"wpforms[time_token]\" value=\"1794233088.2b593d548fbe1cce6af596be915fcc4f01bc87361b29a722ba36af5114d08e4a\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"page_title\" value=\"\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"page_url\" value=\"https:\/\/carmelcosmeticslabs.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/57000\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"url_referer\" value=\"\"><button type=\"submit\" name=\"wpforms[submit]\" id=\"wpforms-submit-51144\" class=\"wpforms-submit\" data-alt-text=\"Enviando\u2026\" data-submit-text=\"Consulta gratuita\" aria-live=\"assertive\" value=\"wpforms-submit\">Consulta gratuita<\/button><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/carmelcosmeticslabs.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/wpforms\/assets\/images\/submit-spin.svg\" class=\"wpforms-submit-spinner\" style=\"display: none;\" width=\"26\" height=\"26\" alt=\"Cargando\" title=\"| Carmel Cosmetics Labs\"><\/div><\/form><\/div>  <!-- .wpforms-container -->            <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7bde935 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"7bde935\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"dv-reassure\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"4\" y=\"11\" width=\"16\" height=\"10\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M8 11V7a4 4 0 0 1 8 0v4\"\/><\/svg>Sin compromiso. 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